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Abstract

¡¡¡¡At present, the special energy (laser and ultrasonic assisted processing, etc.) processing of the aspheric optical mold has been gradually taken seriously, in addition to the normal turning, grinding and milling. The processing methods and equipment’s of the special energy to process aspheric optical mold have been innovated and the processing quality has been improved constantly, which promote the application of aspheric optical parts in the fields of aviation and aerospace technology, military technology and civil life, medical and others. The superior performances of the aspheric optical molds stimulate more and more people to process the aspheric optical molds.

¡¡¡¡The processing and the quality of high precision aspheric molds have become one of the signs of processing. Based on YG20. The precision aspheric cutting experiment on YG20 is done with the laser-ultrasonic composite technology and the dynamic characteristics and stability of the cutting device and laser-ultrasonic cutting system are researched. The influence factors of the aspherical surface shape are analyzed and the evaluation model of the surface quality is established, which can predict the surface shape and roughness.

¡¡¡¡Based on studying the basic principle of laser assisted heating YG20 hard alloy,the change discipline of the end surface temperature in the different laser parameters and under different cutting condition is revealed. The research shows that the surface temperature of the YG20 hard alloy changes obviously with laser power and spot diameter and the surface hardness is a certain linear relationship with the temperature changes. The experiments show that the soften thickness and the cutting depth is easy to match at the laser power 350w and the laser spot diameter d=0.5mm. In this case, the surface quality can be guaranteed.

¡¡¡¡The propagation characteristics and reflection law of ultrasonic in cylindrical chute vibration horn are researched according to the wave theory. The researches show that the main reason of the chute vibration is that the wave type conversion is produced, especially, the transverse shear stress produced, which are basically consistent with the vibration simulation and actual vibration test results of the chute vibration horn. The relationship among the incident wave¡¢the reflected wave and the shear wave is established with the displacement function of ultrasonic particle and the generalized Hooke's law and geometric equation. According to the relationship among 1R ? α ? μ,the different incidence angle can be obtained and the vibration effect is obtained. In the production practice, if the material strength meets the requirements, the μ < 0 .2 635material to produce horn can be chosed and the two-dimensional vibration effect will be better.

¡¡¡¡The two degrees of freedom dynamic model of the two-dimensional cutting is established and studied the influence of the spindle direction angle on the stability of the machining system. The limit formula of the cutting stiffness is set up and concluded the system there is unstable region important results when the main shaft stiffness direction angle changes from to 1800.

¡¡¡¡The three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting model of the laser-ultrasonic assisted cutting is set up, which including the effect of the internal and external modulation wave and the ultrasonic vibration. The calculation method of three-dimensional dynamic stiffness is obtained. The amplitude-frequency response of the dynamic stiffness is calculated using graphic method, embedded into variable vibration cutting, and the stability conditions of the system are analyzed. By the experiments of the cutting force and vibration, the sensitive direction of vibration cutting is Z direction and the influence of the cutting deep is larger on the dynamic cutting force and vibration.

¡¡¡¡The dynamic cutting force is calculated in Z direction, that is the main cutting direction, according to the theory of ultrasonic vibration cutting effect and regeneration effect, and the relationship among the machine speed, limit cutting width and the cutting parameters is built up, which can predict the cutting limit of the stability. The cutting stability lobes diagram of the laser ultrasonic vibration is drowned by the computer and the limit cutting width of the minimμm value, unstable region of 285rad/min-300 rad/min and 720 rad/min-800 rad/min are also calculated.

¡¡¡¡The research on laser-ultrasonic cutting accuracy of aspherical surface shape has been carried on and the main influencing factor of the aspherical surface shape is analyzed. The influence law of cutting parameters and the tool wear are found by laser-ultrasonic assisted cutting and ordinary cutting experiments. Based on the time series, the AR prediction model is built and revised and the model validity is verified by experiment.

¡¡¡¡The trajectory formation rules of the tool in the feed direction is researched and the relationship is established between the relative of the tool workpiece vibration frequency and spindle rotation frequency. The forming process of aspherical surface actually is the dynamic sampling process of the blade shape in the feed direction, and thus the surface microstructure of the machined surface formed.

¡¡¡¡The surface roughness model of the ultra-precision cutting is established by the quadratic rotation orthogonal regression analysis method and cutting parameters are optimized, then the main cutting force is introduced into the formula of surface roughness of the laser-ultrasonic assisted cutting. The surface roughness prediction model of the laser-ultrasonic assisted cutting is established using the genetic algorithm.

¡¡¡¡By comparing the calculated value of budget model, the actual surface roughness values and traditional roughness formula value, we find that the roughness of the genetic algorithm (GA) prediction value is closer to the actual value, which prove the roughness of the genetic algorithm (GA) prediction model is effective and scientific.

¡¡¡¡In the process of laser-ultrasonic cutting, when the cutting depth is very small, the larger cutting force appears and surface quality declines, which suggests that the size effect presents under the condition of small cutting depth, according to the cutting tool must overcome the combined with energy of the workpiece material grain.

¡¡¡¡Keywords:Laser-ultrasonic;Turning characteristic;Aspheric mould;Surface quality

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